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Sexual Health & Chronics 5 min read June 4, 2026

Endometriosis: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Written by SEDU Medical Board

Endometriosis: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Endometriosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, causing chronic pain and inflammation.

#### Common Symptoms

  • Dysmenorrhea: Extremely painful menstrual cramps.
  • Dyspareunia: Pain during or after sexual intercourse.
  • Chronic Pelvic Pain: Constant, dull, or sharp pain throughout the cycle.
  • Subfertility: Difficulty conceiving due to pelvic adhesions.

#### Treatment Strategies

  • Medical Management: NSAIDs for pain relief; hormonal therapies (progestins, GnRH agonists) to suppress ovulation and endometrial growth.
  • Surgical Management: Laparoscopic excision of lesions. Excision surgery is preferred over ablation to reduce recurrence.