Ovarian Cysts
Medically reviewed by the SEDU Clinical Review Board. Detailed pathophysiology, symptoms, and care guidelines.
Clinical Overview
Fluid-filled sacs or pockets in an ovary or on its surface, most of which develop as a result of the normal menstrual cycle (functional cysts).
Associated Symptoms
- Chronic Pelvic Pain
- Severe Abdominal Bloating (Endo Belly)
- Irregular Menstrual Cycles
Treatment Pathways
- Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
- Lifestyle & Anti-Inflammatory Diet
Causes & Mechanisms
Follicular or corpus luteum cysts forming when a follicle fails to rupture or seal itself post-ovulation, accumulating fluid; pathological cysts include dermoids and endometriomas.
Risk Factors
Diagnosis & Screening
Pelvic ultrasound is the primary modality, tracking size, fluid density, and septation characteristics.
Prevention & Care Guidelines
Oral contraceptives to prevent ovulation and reduce new functional cyst formation. Surgical excision (cystectomy) for large, complex, or persistent cysts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q:When is an ovarian cyst an emergency?
Sudden, severe pelvic pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting could indicate ovarian torsion (twisting) or rupture, requiring immediate emergency surgery.
Clinical References & Journals
- 1Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) Green-top Guideline N.34.
- 2ACOG Practice Bulletin N.174 on Ovarian Cysts.