Adenomyosis
Medically reviewed by the SEDU Clinical Review Board. Detailed pathophysiology, symptoms, and care guidelines.
Clinical Overview
A condition in which the endometrial tissue that normally lines the uterus grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium), leading to uterine enlargement and intense cramping.
Associated Symptoms
- Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)
- Chronic Pelvic Pain
- Lower Back & Leg Pain
- Severe Abdominal Bloating (Endo Belly)
Treatment Pathways
- Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
- Lifestyle & Anti-Inflammatory Diet
- Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy (PFPT)
Causes & Mechanisms
Uterine wall invagination during trauma (like childbirth, C-sections, or curettage) or local immunological deregulation causing endometrial basal layer invasion.
Risk Factors
Diagnosis & Screening
High-resolution transvaginal ultrasound (shows asymmetrical myometrial thickening or subendometrial cysts) and MRI; histopathology post-hysterectomy is definitive.
Prevention & Care Guidelines
Hormonal suppression, endometrial ablation, uterine artery embolization, or hysterectomy for severe cases.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q:Is adenomyosis the same as endometriosis?
No. Endometriosis occurs outside the uterus, while adenomyosis occurs inside the muscular uterine wall, though they frequently co-exist.
Clinical References & Journals
- 1Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) Adenomyosis Guidelines, 2020.
- 2European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Clinical Guidelines.